Urbanization

Urbanization is the process of population migration from rural to urban areas, leading to city expansion and economic development. Key characteristics include increased urban population, infrastructure growth, economic centralization, cultural diversity, and environmental challenges such as pollution and resource depletion. Over 55% of the global population now resides in urban areas, a figure projected to rise to 68% by 2050, with rapid urban growth concentrated in Asia and Africa. Cities also contribute around 80% of global GDP, underscoring their role as economic hubs. Drivers of urbanization include economic opportunities, improved access to services, cultural attractions, globalization, and environmental pressures on rural areas.